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September 22, 2008 10:20 PM PDT
More laws of Shema and its brachot. (10 minutes)
פרק א משנה ג
בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים
בָּעֶרֶב כָּל אָדָם יַטּוּ וְיִקְרְאוּ, וּבַבֹּקֶר יַעַמְדוּ
"שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: "וּבְשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶךָ
וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים
כָּל אָדָם קוֹרֵא כְדַרְכּוֹ
שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: "וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ בַדֶּרֶךְ"
אִם כֵּן לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר "וּבְשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶךָ"
בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבְּנֵי אָדָם שׁוֹכְבִים, וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁבְּנֵי אָדָם עוֹמְדִים
אָמַר רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן
אֲנִי הָיִיתִי בָא בַדֶּרֶךְ
וְהִטֵּיתִי לִקְרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי
וְסִכַּנְתִּי בְעַצְמִי מִפְּנֵי הַלִּסְטִים
אָמְרוּ לוֹ: כְּדַי הָיִיתָ לָחוּב בְּעַצְמְךָ
שֶׁעָבַרְתָּ עַל דִּבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל
English Translation
The school of Shammai says:
In the evening all people should recline and recite [the Shema], and in the morning they should stand,
since it says [in the verse (Deut. 6:7)], “When you lie down and when you arise.”
But the school of Hillel says:
Each person may recite it in his usual way (posture),
since it says (ibid.), “When you walk on the road.”
If so, why does it say “when you lie down and when you arise”?
—[It means:] at the time when people are lying down, and at the time when people are arising.
Said Rabbi Tarfon:
“I was once traveling on the road,
and I reclined to recite [the Shema] in accordance with the view of the school of Shammai,
and [by doing so] I put myself in danger of [attack by] bandits.”
They [the other Sages] said to him: “You would have deserved to be guilty for your own fate,
since you went against the view of the school of Hillel.”
(For more detail see http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mishnah/Seder_Zeraim/Tractate_Berakhot/Chapter_1/3)
פרק א משנה ד
בַּשַּׁחַר מְבָרֵךְ שְׁתַּיִם לְפָנֶיהָ וְאַחַת לְאַחֲרֶיהָ,
וּבָעֶרֶב שְׁתַּיִם לְפָנֶיהָ וּשְׁתַּיִם לְאַחֲרֶיהָ,
אַחַת אֲרוּכָה וְאַחַת קְצָרָה.
מָקוֹם שֶׁאָמְרוּ לְהַאֲרִיךְ – אֵינוֹ רַשָּׁאי לְקַצֵּר.
לְקַצֵּר – אֵינוֹ רַשָּׁאי לְהַאֲרִיךְ.
לַחְתֹּם – אֵינוֹ רַשָּׁאי שֶׁלֹּא לַחְתֹּם.
וְשֶׁלֹּא לַחְתֹּם – אֵינוֹ רַשָּׁאי לַחְתֹּם.
English Translation
In the morning one says two blessings before it [the Shema] and one after it,
while in the evening he says two blessings before it and two after it,
a long one and a short one.
Where they said to make the blessing long – he may not shorten it.
[Where they said] to make the blessing short – he may not lengthen it.
[Where they said] to conclude it – he is not permitted to omit the conclusion.
[Where they said] not to conclude it – he is not permitted to conclude.
(For more detail see http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mishnah/Seder_Zeraim/Tractate_Berakhot/Chapter_1/4)
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