The Daily Mishna Podcast

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Rav Daniel Eisenberg — Tue, 23 Sep 2008 23:04:23 GMT

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Wed 23/09/08 - Berachot, Chapter 1, Mishnayot 3-4

Rav Daniel Eisenberg — Tue, 23 Sep 2008 05:20:34 GMT

More laws of Shema and its brachot. (10 minutes) פרק א משנה ג בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים בָּעֶרֶב כָּל אָדָם יַטּוּ וְיִקְרְאוּ, וּבַבֹּקֶר יַעַמְדוּ "שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: "וּבְשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶךָ וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים כָּל אָדָם קוֹרֵא כְדַרְכּוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: "וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ בַדֶּרֶךְ" אִם כֵּן לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר "וּבְשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶךָ" בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבְּנֵי אָדָם שׁוֹכְבִים, וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁבְּנֵי אָדָם עוֹמְדִים אָמַר רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אֲנִי הָיִיתִי בָא בַדֶּרֶךְ וְהִטֵּיתִי לִקְרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי וְסִכַּנְתִּי בְעַצְמִי מִפְּנֵי הַלִּסְטִים אָמְרוּ לוֹ: כְּדַי הָיִיתָ לָחוּב בְּעַצְמְךָ שֶׁעָבַרְתָּ עַל דִּבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל English Translation The school of Shammai says: In the evening all people should recline and recite [the Shema], and in the morning they should stand, since it says [in the verse (Deut. 6:7)], “When you lie down and when you arise.” But the school of Hillel says: Each person may recite it in his usual way (posture), since it says (ibid.), “When you walk on the road.” If so, why does it say “when you lie down and when you arise”? —[It means:] at the time when people are lying down, and at the time when people are arising. Said Rabbi Tarfon: “I was once traveling on the road, and I reclined to recite [the Shema] in accordance with the view of the school of Shammai, and [by doing so] I put myself in danger of [attack by] bandits.” They [the other Sages] said to him: “You would have deserved to be guilty for your own fate, since you went against the view of the school of Hillel.” (For more detail see http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mishnah/Seder_Zeraim/Tractate_Berakhot/Chapter_1/3) פרק א משנה ד בַּשַּׁחַר מְבָרֵךְ שְׁתַּיִם לְפָנֶיהָ וְאַחַת לְאַחֲרֶיהָ, וּבָעֶרֶב שְׁתַּיִם לְפָנֶיהָ וּשְׁתַּיִם לְאַחֲרֶיהָ, אַחַת אֲרוּכָה וְאַחַת קְצָרָה. מָקוֹם שֶׁאָמְרוּ לְהַאֲרִיךְ – אֵינוֹ רַשָּׁאי לְקַצֵּר. לְקַצֵּר – אֵינוֹ רַשָּׁאי לְהַאֲרִיךְ. לַחְתֹּם – אֵינוֹ רַשָּׁאי שֶׁלֹּא לַחְתֹּם. וְשֶׁלֹּא לַחְתֹּם – אֵינוֹ רַשָּׁאי לַחְתֹּם. English Translation In the morning one says two blessings before it [the Shema] and one after it, while in the evening he says two blessings before it and two after it, a long one and a short one. Where they said to make the blessing long – he may not shorten it. [Where they said] to make the blessing short – he may not lengthen it. [Where they said] to conclude it – he is not permitted to omit the conclusion. [Where they said] not to conclude it – he is not permitted to conclude. (For more detail see http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mishnah/Seder_Zeraim/Tractate_Berakhot/Chapter_1/4)

Tue 23/09/08 - Berachot, Chapter 1, Mishnayot 1-2

Rav Daniel Eisenberg — Tue, 23 Sep 2008 00:13:40 GMT

Deals with the laws of when to say Shema. (11 minutes) פרק א משנה א מֵאֵימָתַי קוֹרִין אֶת שְׁמַע בְּעַרְבִית מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁהַכֹּהֲנִים נִכְנָסִים לֶאֱכֹל בִּתְרוּמָתָן עַד סוֹף הָאַשְׁמוּרָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה – דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: עַד חֲצוֹת רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשָּׁחַר מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבָּאוּ בָנָיו מִבֵּית הַמִּשְׁתֶּה אָמְרוּ לוֹ: לֹא קָרִינוּ אֶת שְׁמַע אָמַר לָהֶם: אִם לֹא עָלָה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר – חַיָּבִין אַתֶּם לִקְרוֹת וְלֹא זוֹ בִלְבַד: אֶלָּא כָּל מַה שֶׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים "עַד חֲצוֹת" – מִצְוָתָן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשָּׁחַר הֶקְטֵר חֲלָבִים וְאֵבָרִים – מִצְוָתָן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשָּׁחַר וְכָל הַנֶּאֱכָלִין לְיוֹם אֶחָד – מִצְוָתָן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשָּׁחַר אִם כֵּן, לָמָּה אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים "עַד חֲצוֹת" כְּדֵי לְהַרְחִיק אָדָם מִן הָעֲבֵרָה English Translation From when may one recite the Shema in the evening? From the time when the Kohanim go in to eat their terumah. Until the end of the first watch – so says Rabbi Eliezer. And the Sages say: Until midnight. Rabban Gamliel says: Until the column of dawn rises. It once happened that [Rabban Gamliel’s] sons came from a house of feasting. They said to [their father]: "We have not recited the Shema." He said to them: "If the column of dawn has not risen, you are obligated to recite it." “[This is true] not only in this case; rather, in all cases where the Sages said that [some precept can be performed only] until midnight — the precept is [still in force] until the break of dawn. “[For example:] Burning the fats and organs [of the sacrifices, on the Temple altar] — this precept [can be performed] until the break of dawn. “[Another example:] All [sacrifices] which may be eaten for one day — the precept [of eating them can be performed] until the break of dawn. If that is so, why did the Sages say, "until midnight"? To distance a person from sin. (For additional written commentary, go to http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mishnah/Seder_Zeraim/Tractate_Berakhot/Chapter_1/1) פרק א משנה ב מֵאֵימָתַי קוֹרִין אֶת שְׁמַע בְּשַׁחֲרִית מִשֶּׁיַּכִּיר בֵּין תְּכֵלֶת לְלָבָן רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: בֵּין תְּכֵלֶת לְכַרְתִי וְגוֹמְרָהּ עַד הָנֵץ הַחַמָּה רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: עַד שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁעוֹת שֶׁכֵּן דֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי מְלָכִים לַעֲמֹד בְּשָׁלֹשׁ שָׁעוֹת הַקּוֹרֵא מִכַּאן וָאֵילָךְ – לֹא הִפְסִיד כְּאָדָם הַקּוֹרֵא בַתּוֹרָה English Translation From when may one recite the Shema in the morning? From when one can distinguish between tchelet and white. Rabbi Eliezer says: [The earliest time for the Shema is when one can distinguish] between tchelet and the color of leek, and one must finish reciting it by sunrise. Rabbi Yehoshua says: [One may recite the Shema] until three hours [of the day], since it is customary for kings’ sons to arise at the third hour. If one reads [the Shema] later than this, he has not lost out, [but rather is] like one who reads the Torah. (For additional written commentary, go to http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mishnah/Seder_Zeraim/Tractate_Berakhot/Chapter_1/1)

Introduction

Rav Daniel Eisenberg — Tue, 23 Sep 2008 12:29:38 GMT

Introduction to Mishna Yomit (4 minutes) What is the Mishna?